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Gjøa was the first vessel to transit the
Northwest Passage. With a crew of six, Roald Amundsen traversed the passage in a three year journey, finishing in
1906.
The 70ft square-sterned 48 ton
sloop was built by Kurt Johannesson Skaale in Rosendal, Norway in 1872, the same year Amundsen was born. She was named
Gjøa after her owner's wife. For the next 28 years she served as a
herring fishing boat, before Amundsen bought her in 1900 from Asbjørn Sexe of Ullensvang, Norway, for his forthcoming expedition to the
Arctic Ocean.
Gjøa was much smaller than vessels used by other arctic expeditions, but Amundsen intended to live off the limited resources of the land and sea through which he was to travel, and reasoned that the land could sustain only a tiny crew (this had been the cause of the catastrophic failure of
John Franklin's expedition fifty years previously). Her shallow draught would help her traverse the shoals of the arctic straits. Perhaps most importantly the aging ship was all that Amundsen (who was financing his expedition largely by spending his inheritance) could afford.
Amundsen had little experience of arctic sailing, and so decided to undertake a training expedition before braving the Arctic ice. He engaged Hans Christian Johannsen, her previous owner, and a small crew, and sailed from Tromsø in April of
1901. The next five months were spent sealing on the pack ice of the
Barents Sea. Following their return to Tromsø in September, Amundsen set about remedying the deficiencies in
Gjøa that the trip had exposed. He had a 13
horsepower single-screw marine Kerosene motor installed (she had hitherto been propelled only by
sail, and had proved to be sluggish). Much of the winter was spent upgrading her ice sheathing; Amundsen knew she would spend several winters iced-in.
In the spring of
1902, her refit complete, Amundsen sailed her to Oslo (later called Oslo), the capital of Norway. At this time Norway was still in an (increasingly unhappy) union with Sweden, and Amundsen hoped the nationalistic spirit which was sweeping the country would attract sponsors willing to underwrite the expedition's burgeoning costs. After much wrangling, and a donation from Oscar II of Sweden, he succeeded. By the time Amundsen returned Norway had gained its independence and he and his crew were among the new country's first national heroes.
Amundsen was to serve as the expedition leader and
Gjøa's master. His crew were Godfred Hansen (a Denmark naval lieutenant,
Gjøa's first officer),
Helmer Hanssen (the second officer, an experienced ice pilot - Hanssen was to accompany Amundsen on many of his subsequent expeditions), Anton Lund (an experienced sealing captain), Peder Ristvedt (the engineer), Gustav Juel Wiik (the second engineer, a gunner in the Norwegian navy), and Adolf Henrik Lindstrøm (the cook).
Gjøa left the
Oslofjord on June 16,
1903, and made for the Labrador Sea west of
Greenland. From there she crossed
Baffin Bay and navigated the narrow, icy straits of the Canadian Arctic islands. By late September
Gjøa was west of the
Boothia Peninsula and began to encounter worsening weather and sea ice. Amundsen put her into a natural harbour on the south shore of
King William Island; by
October 3 she was iced in.
There she remained for nearly two years, with her crew undertaking sledge journeys to make measurements determine the location of the North pole#Magnetic North, and learning from the local Inuit people. The harbour, known as Ursuqtuq in
Inuktitut, has latterly become the only major settlement on the island - Gjoa Haven, Nunavut has a population of nearly 1000 people.
Gjøa left Gjoa Haven on August 13 1905, and motored through the treacherous straits south of
Victoria Island, and from there west into the
Beaufort Sea. By October
Gjøa was again iced-in, this time near
Herschel Island in the Yukon. Amundsen left his men onboard and spend much of the winter skiing 500 miles south to
Eagle, Alaska to telegraph news of the expedition's success. He returned in March, but
Gjøa remained icebound until
July 11.
Gjøa reached Nome, Alaska on
August 31,
1906. She sailed on to
1906 San Francisco earthquake San Francisco where the expedition was met with a hero's welcome on
October 19.
Rather than sail her round the Horn back to Norway, the Californian Norwegian-American community prevailed on Amundsen to sell her to them, and she was put on display in the city's
Golden Gate Park. Amundsen knew that the notoriety that his exploits aboard
Gjøa had earned him would allow him access to Fridtjof Nansen's ship
Fram, which had been custom-made for ice work and was owned by the Norwegian state. Amundsen and his crew travelled back to Norway by commercial ship. Only Wiik did not return to Norway; he had died of illness during the third arctic winter.
Over the following decades
Gjøa slowly deteriorated, and by
1939 she was in poor condition. Refurbishment was delayed by
World War II, and repairs were not completed until
1949. In
1972 Gjøa was returned to Norway, and is now displayed in the Norsk Sjøfartsmuseum in
Bygdøy, Oslo. A
bauta (memorial pillar) now stands at
Gjøa's former home in San Francisco. The Gjøa was also featured as a filming location in the 2005 documentary,
The Search for the Northwest Passage, in which Kåre Conradi played Amundsen.
References
- The Last Place on Earth, Roland Huntford, ISBN 0-349-11395-5
- Houghton Mifflin's Ships of the World
- framheim.com - Details and maps of Gjøa's journey
External links
- The memorial bauta in San Francisco
- Norsk Sjøfartsmuseum
- Photographs of Gjøa
Gjøa was the first vessel to transit the
Northwest Passage. With a crew of six, Roald Amundsen traversed the passage in a three year journey, finishing in 1906.
The 70ft square-sterned 48 ton
sloop was built by Kurt Johannesson Skaale in
Rosendal, Norway in 1872, the same year Amundsen was born. She was named
Gjøa after her owner's wife. For the next 28 years she served as a
herring fishing boat, before Amundsen bought her in 1900 from Asbjørn Sexe of
Ullensvang,
Norway, for his forthcoming expedition to the
Arctic Ocean.
Gjøa was much smaller than vessels used by other arctic expeditions, but Amundsen intended to live off the limited resources of the land and sea through which he was to travel, and reasoned that the land could sustain only a tiny crew (this had been the cause of the catastrophic failure of
John Franklin's expedition fifty years previously). Her shallow draught would help her traverse the shoals of the arctic straits. Perhaps most importantly the aging ship was all that Amundsen (who was financing his expedition largely by spending his inheritance) could afford.
Amundsen had little experience of arctic sailing, and so decided to undertake a training expedition before braving the Arctic ice. He engaged Hans Christian Johannsen, her previous owner, and a small crew, and sailed from Tromsø in April of 1901. The next five months were spent sealing on the pack ice of the
Barents Sea. Following their return to Tromsø in September, Amundsen set about remedying the deficiencies in
Gjøa that the trip had exposed. He had a 13 horsepower single-screw marine Kerosene motor installed (she had hitherto been propelled only by
sail, and had proved to be sluggish). Much of the winter was spent upgrading her ice sheathing; Amundsen knew she would spend several winters iced-in.
In the spring of
1902, her refit complete, Amundsen sailed her to
Oslo (later called Oslo), the capital of Norway. At this time Norway was still in an (increasingly unhappy) union with
Sweden, and Amundsen hoped the nationalistic spirit which was sweeping the country would attract sponsors willing to underwrite the expedition's burgeoning costs. After much wrangling, and a donation from Oscar II of Sweden, he succeeded. By the time Amundsen returned Norway had gained its independence and he and his crew were among the new country's first national heroes.
Amundsen was to serve as the expedition leader and
Gjøa's master. His crew were Godfred Hansen (a
Denmark naval lieutenant,
Gjøa's first officer), Helmer Hanssen (the second officer, an experienced ice pilot - Hanssen was to accompany Amundsen on many of his subsequent expeditions), Anton Lund (an experienced sealing captain), Peder Ristvedt (the engineer), Gustav Juel Wiik (the second engineer, a gunner in the Norwegian navy), and Adolf Henrik Lindstrøm (the cook).
Gjøa left the
Oslofjord on June 16, 1903, and made for the
Labrador Sea west of
Greenland. From there she crossed
Baffin Bay and navigated the narrow, icy straits of the
Canadian Arctic islands. By late September
Gjøa was west of the
Boothia Peninsula and began to encounter worsening weather and sea ice. Amundsen put her into a natural harbour on the south shore of
King William Island; by October 3 she was iced in.
There she remained for nearly two years, with her crew undertaking sledge journeys to make measurements determine the location of the North pole#Magnetic North, and learning from the local Inuit people. The harbour, known as Ursuqtuq in Inuktitut, has latterly become the only major settlement on the island -
Gjoa Haven, Nunavut has a population of nearly 1000 people.
Gjøa left Gjoa Haven on
August 13 1905, and motored through the treacherous straits south of Victoria Island, and from there west into the Beaufort Sea. By October
Gjøa was again iced-in, this time near Herschel Island in the
Yukon. Amundsen left his men onboard and spend much of the winter skiing 500 miles south to
Eagle, Alaska to telegraph news of the expedition's success. He returned in March, but
Gjøa remained icebound until July 11.
Gjøa reached
Nome, Alaska on
August 31, 1906. She sailed on to 1906 San Francisco earthquake
San Francisco where the expedition was met with a hero's welcome on
October 19.
Rather than sail her round the Horn back to Norway, the Californian
Norwegian-American community prevailed on Amundsen to sell her to them, and she was put on display in the city's
Golden Gate Park. Amundsen knew that the notoriety that his exploits aboard
Gjøa had earned him would allow him access to Fridtjof Nansen's ship
Fram, which had been custom-made for ice work and was owned by the Norwegian state. Amundsen and his crew travelled back to Norway by commercial ship. Only Wiik did not return to Norway; he had died of illness during the third arctic winter.
Over the following decades
Gjøa slowly deteriorated, and by
1939 she was in poor condition. Refurbishment was delayed by
World War II, and repairs were not completed until 1949. In 1972
Gjøa was returned to Norway, and is now displayed in the Norsk Sjøfartsmuseum in
Bygdøy, Oslo. A
bauta (memorial pillar) now stands at
Gjøa's former home in San Francisco. The Gjøa was also featured as a filming location in the 2005 documentary,
The Search for the Northwest Passage, in which
Kåre Conradi played Amundsen.
References
- The Last Place on Earth, Roland Huntford, ISBN 0-349-11395-5
- Houghton Mifflin's Ships of the World
- framheim.com - Details and maps of Gjøa's journey
External links
- The memorial bauta in San Francisco
- Norsk Sjøfartsmuseum
- Photographs of Gjøa
Gjoa Haven, Nunavut - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Gjoa Haven (Inuktitut: Uqsuqtuuq; Syllabics: ᐅᖅᓱᖅᑑᖅ, meaning "lots of fat", referring to the abundance of blubbery sea mammals in the nearby waters) is a hamlet in ...
Gjoa Charters (New Site)
Gjoa is a 50' Cheoy Lee-built classic wooden sloop. She is available for charter for groups of up to 10 people for half, full, or multi-day cruises from her home port of Hamburg ...
Gjoa
Gjoa Kayak Sports Vest Personal Floatation Device Life Jacket Vest Designed by sailors for sailors. Approved by Canadian yachting. One-piece design by Salus Marine Wear Inc.
Gjoa Haven Student Accommodation, Gjoa Haven, Canada, Flats, Houses
Student Accommodation search engine for Canada. ... Student Accommodation Gjoa Haven Canada: Here you will find details of private rented student accommodation offered by ...
gjoa on deviantART
Art - community of artists and those devoted to art. Digital art, skin art, themes, wallpaper art, traditional art, photography, poetry / prose. Art prints.
Offshore Technology - ABB Powers Up at Gjoa
Statoil has lined up Sweden's ABB Power Technologies for a NKr500m ($82.6m) job manufacturing and installing a power cable from Mongstad to the Gjoa field, in the North Sea.
EuroInvestor.co.uk - Technip Awarded Contract for the Gjoa Field ...
TECHNIP; ACKERMANS V.HAAREN, Technip Awarded Contract for the Gjoa Field Development in Norway ... Technip Awarded Contract for the Gjoa Field Development in Norway: 18/06/2008 ...
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Gjoa Haven Airport (YHK) Details - Canada
The place to find airport codes, abbreviations, runway lengths and other airport information.
Gjoa Haven Development Corporation - House and building construction ...
Gjoa Haven Development Corporation - House and building construction, gravel hauling, miscellaneous projects. ...
